Executive Summary of the Photo exhibition on Kailas – Manasarovar & Tibet

Subject:
Photographic exhibition on Kailas – Manasarovar & Tibet

Region:
Western Tibet

Travel Route: There are several routes to Kailas - Manasarovar though there is none that is easy. The region is remote, isolated and access to it is the most difficult. I have traveled to this region several times since 1990.

Significance of Kailas - Manasarovar:
Mount Kailas (22,028 ft, 6,714 m), the famed holy peak, is situated to the north of the Himalayan barrier in Western Tibet. This legendary snow-shrouded rock dome is one of the most revered pilgrimage sites for Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Bonpos (Pre-Buddhists) and draws pilgrims from India, Nepal, Mongolia, Tibet, Japan, China, Southeast Asia and other parts of the world. At the slopes of Kailas, a stream is said to pour into Manasarovar and from this lake, flow four of Asia's great rivers - the Indus, the Brahmaputra, the Karnali and the Sutlej.

For well over a thousand years, pilgrims have journeyed here to pay homage to the mountain's mystery, circumambulating it in a ritual that continues to this day. Their faith proclaims that not just the mountain's ice - capped summit but the entire region is the abode of the Gods.

Hindus cross the frozen mountain passes of India and Nepal to circle the peak that is Lord Shiva’s throne and bathe in the lake created from the manas (mind) of Brahma. Buddhists journey from Nepal, Bhutan, Ladakh, Mongolia and every corner of Tibet to this holiest of mountains they call Kang Rinpoche. Jainism knows Kailas as Mount Astapada. Atop the summit, the religion's founder, Rishabhanta, gained spiritual liberation. And to the Bonpo, followers of Tibet’s old pre-Buddhist beliefs it is the ‘Nine - Storey Swastika Mountain’, the mystic ‘soul’ of the entire region. Each holds different beliefs, each sees different Gods, but the underlying reality is the same.

Manasarovar – called by the Tibetans Tso – Mapham – The Undefeated Lake, exists at 14,950 feet on the Tibetan plateau with two silvery White Mountains by its side – Mt. Kailas on the north and Gurla Mandhata on the south. The lake Raksas-Tal lies on its west.

The lake born from the mind of Brahma, is among the most ancient and holy of Hindu pilgrimage sites. Hindu legend tells of twelve Rishis, wise 'Seers' of pre-Vedic times who retreated to this remote region for meditation and prayer. They stayed many years performing penances and austerities, and were awarded a vision of Shiva and Parvati, the divine Lord and Lady of Kailas. But still they lacked, in this dry land, a suitable place to perform the daily ablutions required of devout Hindus. The Rishis prayed to Brahma so that they might fulfill their duties. From the infinite depths of his all-encompassing mind Brahma created Manasarovar.

According to ancient Hindu folkfore, it was Brahma – the Creator, who himself created Manasarovar and the divine Jambu tree, which though invisible to the human eye, grows in the centre. It is for this reason that the world was called Jambudwipa by the ancients; and it is said that because of the fruits of this divine tree that the waters of the Manasarovar have turned into a life – giving elixir! Manasarovar's clear waters are said to possess miraculous healing properties.

‘When the earth of Manasarovar touches anyone's body or anyone bathes in the lake, he shall go to the Paradise of Brahma, and he who drinks its waters shall go to the heaven of Shiva and shall be released from the sins of a hundred births. Even the beast who bears the name of Manasarovar shall go to the paradise of Brahma. Its waters are like Pearls.' (The Ramayana).

The pilgrimage to Kailas and Manasarovar has always been considered the most difficult in Asia. The distances seem unending. The weather is harsh. The temperature could soar to 40 Degrees C and drop to 0 Degrees just in a matter of a few hours. Supplies are virtually non-existent. The pilgrim has to undergo extreme hardship under extreme temperatures. The terrain is not very friendly either. Nevertheless, pilgrims come from all parts of the world, defying all hardships. They trek for 53 km around Kailas and 90 km around Manasarovar at altitudes between 15,000 - 19,000 feet above sea level.

The Inner Kora (circuit) or circumambulation of Mount Kailas from a very close distance, is certainly one of the most harshest pilgrimages of all. This involves a 34 km. journey on foot around the Holy Mountain, at 19,000 feet above sea-level. Here the landscape is entirely made up of rock, crevices, snow and ice. Apart from two small monasteries no humans live along the inner Kora region. It is said that one can do the inner Kora of Mount Kailas only after completing 13 outer Koras. It is a belief that during the Year of the Horse one can do an Inner Kora after doing only one Outer Kora instead of the customary 13. Very few people have attempted to do the inner Kora. Some of them have not returned. The entire Kailas - Manasarovar region is dotted with ancient Buddhist monasteries. Many of these are uninhabited.

Kailas Kora (Parikrama):
The 53 km. kora (circumambulation, parikrama) of Kailas begins and ends at Tarchen, located at 15,150 ft. The parikrama is a three-day circumambulation of the holy mountain. During the parikrama the pilgrim crosses the Dolma – pass at 18,600 feet. The kora is not an easy trek. The parikrama is strenuous and pilgrims are likely to feel breathless due to the high altitude.

Ashtapad:
Kailas parikrama can also consider going to Ashtapad which is a 4-5 hours trek from Tarchen. On the way the view of Kailas' southern face is overwhelming.

Manasarovar Kora (Parikrama):
The 88 km. kora of Manasarovar begins at Horchu (14,950 ft), and ends at Chiu. The route goes along the circumference of Lake.

Raksastal:
Raksas Tal is named for the flesh-eating demons of Hindu mythology, which are said to dwell within its depths. Tibetans called the lake Langak – Tso. As such nobody drank water out of it. Here, the demon king Ravana is said to have stood in propitiation of Lord Shiva. There is no parikrama of Raksas Tal.