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3. Jina
India, Western Rajasthan
11th century
Black stone
Height 48.9 cms
Seated in dhyanasana upon an intrincately carved cushion, the beautifully polished black stone Jina is a lovely example of Jain sculpture. The strong geometric lines of the body stand in contrast to the sensitive, realistic rendering of the figure's hands, resting softly in dhyana mudra on his lap, and feet, supported atop his bent knees. Each toe and presumably finger (now missing) has been modeled to portray the energy of the Jina's meditative pose extending visibly through each appendage. Decorating the figure's otherwise bare chest, a srivatsa or auspicious mark is carved in relief in a swirling foliate design. His nipples are delineated by small whorls, and the palms of his hands and feet are incised with stylized flowers. Despite its fragmentary condition, the sculpture has been imbued with a skillfully rendered spirituality and elegance.
In the present example, the Jina's physiognomy is not concealed by a simple robe as would be depicted in the imagery of the Svetambara sect, members of wich are attired. Thus, it is certain that the figure can instead be identified with the Digambara order of Jainism, whose followers have chosen to reject all material comforts including clothing.
From the inscription on the base we can date it in 1155 in Bikram Samvat calendar that corresponds to the year 1098.
Provenance: New York private collection.
all text & images © Carlos Cruanas
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